上海超市凶杀案与“从重从快” The Shanghai Supermarket Murder Case and "Severe and Swift Punishment"
今天（10月1日），上海市公安局松江分局发布警情通报，松汇中路某超市内一男子持刀伤人，致3人死亡。通报详情如下：2024年9月30日21时47分，松江公安分局接报警称，松汇中路某超市内有一男子持刀伤人。接报后，民警迅速到场，犯罪嫌疑人林某某（男，37岁）被当场抓获。18名受伤人员马上送医救治，其中3名伤者抢救无效死亡，其余伤者无生命危险。据初步侦查，林某某因个人经济纠纷，来沪泄愤，实施了上述行为。案件在进一步侦办中。
Today (October 1), the Songjiang Branch of the Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau released a police report regarding a man who attacked people with a knife in a supermarket on Songhui Middle Road, resulting in three deaths. The details of the report are as follows: at 9:47 p.m. on September 30, 2024, the Songjiang police received a report that a man was stabbing people in a supermarket on Songhui Middle Road. Upon arrival, the police quickly arrested the suspect, Lin Moumou (male, 37 years old), at the scene. Eighteen injured individuals were immediately taken to the hospital, with three succumbing to their injuries, while the others are in stable condition. Preliminary investigations revealed that Lin committed this act out of personal economic grievances. The case is still under investigation.
本人认为，对于林某这种针对无辜者的泄愤式凶杀案，司法机关应该摒弃大陆法系的“侦查秘密说”，学习美国的“侦查公开说”，对案情细节、犯罪动机、嫌疑人的基本状况和讯问中的口供内容，迅速向公众披露。同时，在保障嫌疑人辩护权的前提下，对其刑事追诉应当从重从快，侦查、起诉、审判和执行，都应在社会公众对这起凶杀案还保持足够心理张力的阶段内完成。只有程序公开且从重从快，才能将这起严重冲击公众安全感和正义感的暴力案件，转化为整个社会对这一类型犯罪的一致谴责，从而达到强化主流道德，压制潜在模仿者的一般预防目的。
In my view, for a case like Lin's, where the murder was an act of revenge against innocent people, the judiciary should abandon the civil law principle of "investigative secrecy" and instead adopt the American principle of "public disclosure of investigations." The details of the case, the criminal motives, the suspect's background, and the confessions obtained during interrogation should be swiftly disclosed to the public. At the same time, while ensuring the suspect’s right to defense, the criminal prosecution should be severe and swift. The investigation, prosecution, trial, and execution should all be completed while the public still feels the psychological impact of the case. Only through public proceedings and severe and swift punishment can such violent crimes, which seriously undermine public safety and justice, be transformed into a collective societal condemnation, thus reinforcing mainstream moral values and preventing potential imitators.
无论从哲学还是犯罪学角度看，本质上邪恶的事件或部分，仅仅从其自身观察，是无价值甚至是负价值的。但是，当它放在一个整体中考察时，却往往成为整体所不可或缺的一部分。法国的福柯曾指出，监狱存在的必要性恰恰在于其无效性：因为这个让我们望而生畏的犯罪人群体的存在，主流社会在痛恨犯罪的同时，就形成并固化了整体的观念。
From both a philosophical and criminological perspective, inherently evil acts, when viewed in isolation, have no value or even negative value. However, when examined within the context of the whole, they often become an indispensable part of that whole. French philosopher Michel Foucault once pointed out that the necessity of the prison lies in its very ineffectiveness: the existence of a feared criminal population strengthens and solidifies mainstream societal norms, as the broader society develops and affirms its hatred of crime.
因此，当社会中发生严重冲击主流群体心态的恶性犯罪时，如果刑事司法行动及时、处置得当，案件信息发布及时，就能扬善惩恶，让好人更加坚守善道，让摇摆者认同主流价值观。相反，如果处置不当或长期沉默，就会助长整个社会的道德困惑，从而引发类似案件的不断发生。
Therefore, when heinous crimes occur that severely impact the mentality of the mainstream population, if the criminal justice system acts promptly and handles the case appropriately, releasing information in a timely manner, it can promote good and punish evil. This encourages the morally upright to remain steadfast in their values, and sways those on the fence to align with mainstream societal norms. Conversely, if the authorities fail to act appropriately or remain silent for an extended period, it will foster moral confusion throughout society, leading to the repeated occurrence of similar crimes.
因此，针对昨晚的上海凶杀案，本人观点是必须从重从快，判处死刑并立即执行！这样才能给社会一个交代，给被害人及其家属一个交代。
As a result, regarding last night's Shanghai supermarket murder, my position is that the death penalty must be imposed swiftly and executed immediately! This would provide accountability to society, and offer some measure of closure to the victims and their families.
然而，经历了1983年严打和历次打黑行动后，出现了不少冤案的中国法律界，对于“从重从快”一直心存顾虑。刑事诉讼法学者普遍认为，死刑案件一定要慎之又慎，在各个环节上都要宁拖勿速，不能重复1983年严打时“7天完成侦控审执、杀死一个人”的历史错误。
However, after the severe crackdowns of 1983 and numerous subsequent anti-crime campaigns, China’s legal community has become cautious about "severe and swift punishment." Criminal procedure scholars generally believe that death penalty cases must be approached with the utmost care. Every stage of the process should be carefully considered, and it is better to delay than to rush. The mistakes of the 1983 crackdown, where cases were investigated, prosecuted, tried, and executed in just seven days, should not be repeated.
对此，我不禁想起马克龙遇袭案。2021年6月8日，法国总统马克龙在视察德龙省期间与当地群众握手时，遭到一名叫达米安·塔雷尔的男子当众掌掴。达米安·塔雷尔当场被捕。两天后的2021年6月10日，他在法国东南部德龙省瓦朗斯出庭受审，并于当天被法院判处有期徒刑18个月，缓刑14个月，实际执行4个月。
In this regard, I am reminded of the attack on French President Emmanuel Macron. On June 8, 2021, while inspecting the Drôme region, Macron was publicly slapped by a man named Damien Tarel during a handshake with local residents. Tarel was arrested on the spot. Two days later, on June 10, 2021, he appeared in court in Valence, in southeastern France, and was sentenced to 18 months in prison, with 14 months suspended, serving a total of 4 months.
法国的刑事诉讼程序为何能在两天内完成一起刑事案件的侦控审？因为深受刑案堆积之苦的法国警方和司法部门，已经发展出快速处理犯罪的实时处理程序。对于当场抓获、证据上没有疑点的嫌疑人，可以不再适用普通刑事诉讼程序的繁文缛节，从而快速判决并执行。
Why was the French criminal justice system able to complete the investigation, prosecution, and trial of a criminal case within two days? This is because French law enforcement and judicial departments, overwhelmed by a backlog of criminal cases, have developed a real-time processing procedure for rapidly handling crimes. For suspects caught in the act, with no doubts about the evidence, the usual bureaucratic procedures of the criminal process can be bypassed, allowing for swift judgment and execution.
同理，昨天发生的上海超市凶杀案，真的需要几年时间，在受害者家属和社会完全淡忘后，再发布处理结果吗？这样的司法能否有效维护社会道德，实现一般预防？是否过于软弱无力了？
Similarly, does the Shanghai supermarket murder case, which occurred yesterday, truly require years of processing, with the results only released after the victims' families and society have completely forgotten? Can such a judicial approach effectively uphold societal morals and achieve general deterrence? Is it far too weak?
当然，法国的马克龙遇袭案，尽管针对的是总统，毕竟只是轻罪案件。对于命案，法国的刑事诉讼法也不会允许两天走完全部程序。
Of course, the Macron assault case in France, although targeting the president, was ultimately a minor offense. For murder cases, French criminal procedure law would not allow the entire process to be completed in just two days.
然而，“从重从快”的原则，应该适用于上海超市凶杀案。只有从重从快，才能实现最佳的法律效果和社会效果。
However, the principle of "severe and swift punishment" should apply to the Shanghai supermarket murder case. Only through severe and swift action can the best legal and social outcomes be achieved.
张庆方
Zhang Qingfang
2024年10月1日
October 1, 2024